DAMPAK SISTEM AGROFORESTRI KAKAO TERHADAP PEMULIHAN KESUBURAN TANAH: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Abstract

Agriculture expansion and intensive land management practices have historically driven widespread environmental degradation, prompting a critical need for sustainable farming methodologies. Consequently, this systematic literature review investigates the transformative impact of cocoa agroforestry systems on soil fertility restoration and the enhancement of fundamental physico-chemical properties. The primary objective is to evaluate how integrating diverse shade trees and companion crops into traditional monoculture or degraded lands influences soil health, carbon sequestration, and overall ecological resilience. To achieve this, a rigorous methodological framework was employed, utilizing the SCOPUS database to systematically search, screen, and select highly relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2026. The synthesized empirical results conclusively demonstrate that cocoa agroforestry systems significantly improve soil physical structures by reducing bulk density and increasing porosity, which directly enhances water retention and root penetration. Furthermore, these systems exhibit profound restorative capabilities by increasing soil organic matter, enriching nutrient profiles, and boosting carbon storage potential in both aboveground biomass and belowground pools. The presence of diverse tree species also supports complex microbial communities and broader faunal biodiversity, fostering robust nutrient cycling. In conclusion, adopting strategically managed cocoa agroforestry configurations provides a highly effective, environmentally sustainable pathway for restoring degraded agricultural lands while simultaneously supporting global climate change mitigation and long-term agricultural productivity.